Specific and objective criteria for specific uses

[Added 5-20-2025 by Ord. No. 2025-9; amended 5-20-2025 by Ord. No. 2025-10; 10-3-2025 by Ord. No. 2025-15]

Prior to the issuance of a special use permit, the Zoning Board of Review, or Planning Board under unified development review as appropriate, shall make affirmative findings on the following criteria for the respective use.

• A. Keeping of hens for home use.
  • (1) Hens shall be provided with both a coop and a fenced outdoor enclosure or run. No chickens may be kept or raised within the dwelling.
  • (2) Runs and coops shall be permitted in the rear yard only and shall be a minimum of 20 feet from any lot line (50 feet from an abutting dwelling).
  • (3) The coop shall be covered, predator resistant, and well-ventilated.
  • (4) The coop and the outdoor enclosure or run shall be kept in good repair, maintained in a clean and sanitary condition, and free of vermin, obnoxious smells, and substances.
  • (5) All feed must be stored, secured and covered in a predator/vermin-resistant container or area.
  • (6) All manure shall be composted in enclosed bins. Manure shall not be stored or composted within 20 feet from any lot line (50 feet from an abutting dwelling).
  • (7) The owner of the poultry must be a resident of the dwelling.
  • (8) One hen is permitted per each 2,000 square feet of total lot area up to a maximum of six hens per half-acre, and no more than 12 in any case.
  • (9) Roosters are expressly prohibited.
  • (10) No chickens may be harvested in plain view of abutting residential structures.
• B. Keeping and raising animals for profit.
  • (1) Where the use abuts a residential use or zoning district, the area of the property used for such use shall be setback at least 50 feet from each lot line abutting a residential use or zoning district.
  • (2) Where the area of the land is utilized, it shall consist of a minimum of one acre, excluding the commercial raising of swine, which shall consist of a minimum of five acres.
  • (3) Exterior exercise areas shall be located in the interior side or rear yard and shall be completely enclosed along all lot lines by a fence a minimum of six feet in height, including ingress and egress.
  • (4) All overnight boarding operations shall be located indoors.
  • (5) All animal care and/or kennel facilities shall have a valid municipal license.
• C. Bed-and-breakfast.
  • (1) The bed-and-breakfast shall be occupied by the owner or operator.
  • (2) The establishment must provide a minimum of four en-suite bedrooms available for let. Each en-suite shall include at a minimum one bedroom and a private bathroom ("guestroom").
  • (3) The maximum number of transient guests shall not exceed two times the number of guestrooms.
  • (4) In addition to the guestrooms, the bed-and-breakfast must include a separate en-suite for the owner or operator's exclusive use.
  • (5) Cooking facilities are prohibited in guestrooms.
  • (6) A minimum of one off-street parking space is required per bedroom, including both guestrooms and the owner's suite.
  • (7) All transient guest parking must be off-street on the same lot as the bed-and-breakfast.
• D. Nursing home, convalescent home.
  • (1) When located in a non-residential district, the structure shall be designed with a lobby entrance along the primary frontage.
  • (2) Public water and sewer service must be available at the site. The applicant must provide written confirmation from the applicable water and sewer authority that there is adequate service available for connection.
  • (3) A parking and circulation plan, stamped by a registered professional engineer, showing safe pedestrian and vehicular circulation with clearly marked crosswalks from each parking area to the building entrance(s).
  • (4) Adequate access must be provided for emergency vehicles, and a fire safety plan must be approved by the local fire district prior to the issuance of a building permit.
• E. Home day-care (7-12 individuals).
  • (1) The home day-care shall provide adequate parking and circulation for daycare drop-off and pickup, as well as for any employees, as shown on a site plan.
  • (2) Specific hours of operation shall be a condition of approval to limit disturbance to residential neighbors.
  • (3) The applicant shall provide proof of state day care licensing.
  • (4) The home daycare shall comply with regulations promulgated by the State Fire Marshal, Fire Safety Code, and State Building Code.
  • (5) Any proposed changes to items depicted on an approved site plan or conditioned in the Zoning Board's special use permit shall be submitted for consideration as a new special use permit.
• F. Senior residential community.
  • (1) The community shall contain a minimum of five acres of lot area with a total density that shall not exceed 15 dwelling units per acre. The maximum percentage of building lot coverage shall be 35%.
  • (2) The senior residential community shall provide a useable land area designated for open space and recreation for residents. Open space shall be designed to protect and enhance existing natural landscapes, wetlands, conservation areas, and scenic views. Open space shall be contiguous wherever possible and accessible to residents.
  • (3) Demonstrate senior residential community accommodations, such as single-story living, community buildings, and so forth.
  • (4) Roadway and infrastructure standards.
    • (a) All internal roads shall comply with local subdivision roadway standards, as applicable.
    • (b) Sidewalks shall be provided on at least one side of each internal roadway and shall connect to existing pedestrian networks.
  • (5) Provide draft deed restrictions for the property.
• G. Cemetery.
  • (1) A plan of the area to be used as a cemetery, columbarium, or burial ground showing the surrounding properties, and the present and proposed grave sites, stamped by a registered professional engineer.
  • (2) Plan shall demonstrate safe pedestrian and vehicular circulation.
  • (3) A signage plan that clearly identifies the cemetery and all wayfinding signage shall be submitted with the application.
  • (4) The proposed location of the cemetery, columbarium, or burial ground will not be detrimental to public health; that it will be compatible with neighboring uses and will be not less than 30 feet from the boundary line with adjoining properties; that there is permanent access to the proposed facilities; and that adequate provisions have been made for perpetual care of the facilities.
• H. Professional offices.
  • (1) The building footprint may be no greater than 5,000 square feet.
  • (2) Meals may be prepared and served on the premises for office staff and their guests only; no commercial kitchen is allowed.
  • (3) On-site retail sales to the public may only be an accessory use.
  • (4) Fabricating, assembling, or warehousing of physical products for the retail or wholesale market, or engaged in the repair of products or retail services, onsite is prohibited.
  • (5) A parking and circulation plan, stamped by a registered professional engineer, showing safe pedestrian and vehicular circulation.
  • (6) A landscaping plan must be submitted, showing the use of vegetation to screen the parking areas and dumpster areas from public view, particularly from adjacent residential properties and public rights-of-way.
  • (7) The property owner must maintain all landscaping in good condition, replacing any dead or diseased plants promptly.
  • (8) The office use shall not overly intrude into the residential nature of an area and shall be in an appropriate location on an appropriate street right-of-way for such a use.
• I. Professional office for use by resident of premises.
  • (1) The professional use shall be conducted exclusively by an individual who maintains primary residence in the dwelling unit where the use is located.
  • (2) The professional use shall be limited to two non-resident employees working on the premises at any given time.
  • (3) The area utilized for the professional use shall not exceed 25% of the total floor area of the principal dwelling, with an absolute maximum of 500 square feet.
  • (4) No exterior alterations, additions, or modifications shall be permitted that alter the residential character of the property or give the appearance of a business establishment. This includes, but is not limited to: separate business entrances and outdoor storage or display of goods or materials related to professional use.
  • (5) No advertising shall be permitted on the premises other than a single, non-illuminated sign not to exceed two square feet in area.
  • (6) Professional use shall not generate traffic levels inconsistent with a typical residential use.
  • (7) Off-street parking shall be provided on the lot to accommodate client visits.
  • (8) The use of on-street parking for business-related visitors is prohibited.
  • (9) Client visits shall be limited to the hours of 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM, Monday through Saturday.
  • (10) The professional use shall not produce or result in any noise, vibration, smoke, dust, odor, heat, glare, electrical interference, or other nuisances that exceed what is typically associated with a residential dwelling.
  • (11) The office use shall not overly intrude into the residential nature of an area and shall be in an appropriate location on an appropriate street right-of-way for such a use.
• J. Restaurant (including liquor and/or entertainment).
  • (1) The restaurant will not employ flashing, laser, or strobe lights that are visible outside of the building.
  • (2) The maximum volume, irrespective of the format, is limited solely to the boundaries of the premises at all times and must comply with Chapter 175 of the Town of Lincoln's Code of Ordinances.
  • (3) Screening shall be provided between the restaurant and any adjacent residential uses. This screening shall include a combination of the following:
    • (a) A dense vegetative buffer consisting of evergreen trees or shrubs, at least six feet in height at the time of planting, installed along the property line adjacent to residential lots.
    • (b) A solid fence to further reduce visual and noise impact. The fence shall be constructed of materials that complement the surrounding environment and provide a continuous barrier.
  • (4) Exterior lighting must be designed and installed to prevent light from spilling onto adjacent residential properties. All lighting fixtures shall be dark sky compliant and shielded and directed downward.
  • (5) All waste disposal areas and equipment shall be screened from view.
  • (6) Outdoor entertainment shall be prohibited within 100 feet of a residential zoning district.
  • (7) Outdoor entertainment shall cease no later than 10:00 PM on any day of the week, or as established by the permit authority.
• K. Tavern, bar, or nightclub.
  • (1) A security plan including information relating to entrance procedure, police details and video and lighting locations. The security plan must be approved by the Chief of Police or his/her designee and updates shall be submitted to and approved by the Chief of Police or his/her designee. To the maximum extent possible, the security plan and any updates shall be deemed confidential documents.
  • (2) The establishment shall not employ flashing, laser, or strobe lights that are visible outside of the building.
  • (3) The maximum volume, irrespective of the format, is limited solely to the boundaries of the premises at all times and must comply with Chapter 175 of the Town of Lincoln's Code of Ordinances.
  • (4) Screening shall be provided between the establishment and any adjacent residential uses. This screening shall include a combination of the following:
    • (a) A dense vegetative buffer consisting of evergreen trees or shrubs, at least six feet in height at the time of planting, installed along the property line adjacent to residential lots.
    • (b) A solid fence to further reduce visual and noise impact. The fence shall be constructed of materials that complement the surrounding environment and provide a continuous barrier.
  • (5) Exterior lighting must be designed and installed to prevent light from spilling onto adjacent residential properties. All lighting fixtures shall be dark sky compliant and shielded and directed downward.
  • (6) All waste disposal areas and equipment shall be screened from view.
  • (7) Outdoor entertainment shall be prohibited within 100 feet of a residential zoning district.
  • (8) Outdoor entertainment shall cease no later than 10:00 PM on any day of the week, or as established by the permit authority.
• L. Gasoline filling station (no automotive repair).
  • (1) Circulation plans shall be submitted with the special use permit application, stamped by a registered professional engineer, showing safe pedestrian and vehicular circulation and delivery and waste removal locations.
  • (2) The minimum distance between the fueling area canopy and the curb line shall be 30 feet and 20 feet from any interior lot line.
  • (3) Electric vehicle charging stations may be included as an accessory use to a gas station.
• M. Gasoline station with automotive repair.
  • (1) Circulation plans shall be submitted with the special use permit application, stamped by a Rhode Island licensed civil engineer, showing safe pedestrian and vehicular circulation and delivery and waste removal locations.
  • (2) The minimum distance between the fueling area canopy and the curb line shall be 30 feet and 20 feet from any interior lot line.
  • (3) Motor vehicle repair is permitted as part of a gas station use. Repair work is limited only to minor repair work, such as tire or tube repairing, battery changing, lubrication, engine tune-ups, brake and muffler repair or replacement, and similar types of work. Minor repair work does not include body work or painting. All such repair work shall be conducted entirely within an enclosed structure. Storage of all merchandise, auto parts, and supplies shall be within an enclosed structure.
  • (4) No unregistered or junk vehicles are permitted to be stored on the property.
  • (5) Outside storage of vehicles. Storage of any vehicles intended to be repaired shall be limited to one vehicle for every 500 square feet of lot area.
  • (6) Electric vehicle charging stations may be included as an accessory use to a gas station.
• N. Automotive repair.
  • (1) All repair and service shall be performed within a fully enclosed building containing the proper equipment to manage and contain oil, grease, gasoline, and other chemicals and/or solvents.
  • (2) Repair work is limited only to minor repair work, such as tire or tube repairing, battery changing, lubrication, engine tune-ups, brake and muffler repair or replacement, and similar types of work. Minor repair work does not include body work or painting. All such repair work shall be conducted entirely within an enclosed structure. Storage of all merchandise, auto parts, and supplies shall be within an enclosed structure.
  • (3) No unregistered or junk vehicles are permitted to be stored on the property.
  • (4) The open lot storage area must be completely enclosed by a solid fence or wall, or a vegetated buffer, including gates for ingress and egress. When chain link fencing is used, shrubs with a minimum height of five feet shall be planted linearly every 10 feet on-center along the fence or wall to enhance visual screening.
  • (5) Open lot storage area shall not be used for parking purposes or to meet the minimum parking requirements.
  • (6) No automobiles shall be stored, and no repair and/or service work shall be conducted in the public right-of-way.
  • (7) No access driveway may exceed 25 feet in width. For a corner lot, curb cuts are restricted to one curb cut per street frontage.
• O. Wholesale sales (outdoor storage).
  • (1) The storage area shall be completely enclosed along all lot lines by a solid fence or wall a minimum of five feet in height, including ingress and egress. Fences or walls along the front or corner side lot line shall be set back a minimum of six feet.
  • (2) Storage of any kind is prohibited outside the fence or wall. No items stored within 10 feet of the fence or wall may exceed the height of the fence or wall.
  • (3) The storage area shall be located in the rear of the lot. Any structures shall be located in front of the storage area to obscure the view of the storage from street(s), in compliance with the front yard of the underlying zoning district.
  • (4) When adjacent to a residential zone or use, screening and a vegetated buffer shall be provided. When chain link fencing is used, shrubs with a minimum height of five feet shall be planted linearly every 10 feet on-center along the fence or wall to enhance visual screening.
• P. Airport.
  • (1) All airport facilities shall comply with § 260-43 in addition to the standards provided in this section.
  • (2) A scaled site plan, supporting documents, and a scaled elevation view showing the location and dimensions of all improvements, including information concerning topography, public transit needs, air quality, noise and vibration, hazardous materials, safety and security, setbacks, drives, parking, fencing, and buffering/landscaping.
  • (3) Federal Aviation Administration approvals shall be submitted.
• Q. Heliport.
  • (1) All heliport facilities shall comply with § 260-43 in addition to the standards provided in this section.
  • (2) A scaled site plan, supporting documents, and a scaled elevation view showing the location and dimensions of all improvements, including information concerning topography, public transit needs, air quality, noise and vibration, hazardous materials, safety and security, setbacks, drives, parking, fencing, and buffering/landscaping.
  • (3) Federal Aviation Administration approvals shall be submitted.
• R. Commercial off-street parking.
  • (1) A parking lot shall be used solely for the temporary parking of motor vehicles and shall not be used as an off-street loading area.
  • (2) Only structures for the shelter of attendants or for payment kiosks shall be permitted in a parking lot. Shelters or kiosks shall not exceed 20 feet in height and 200 square feet in area.
  • (3) When adjacent to a residential zone or use, screening and a vegetated buffer shall be provided. When chain link fencing is used, shrubs with a minimum height of five feet shall be planted linearly every 10 feet on-center along the fence or wall to enhance visual screening.
  • (4) Parking shall provide safe pedestrian circulation with clearly marked crosswalks from each parking area to the surrounding streets and sidewalks.
• S. Storage of sand and gravel.
  • (1) When adjacent to a residential zone or use, screening and a vegetated buffer shall be provided. When chain link fencing is used, shrubs with a minimum height of five feet shall be planted linearly every 10 feet on-center along the fence or wall to enhance visual screening.
  • (2) Storage of any kind is prohibited outside the fence or wall. No items stored within 10 feet of the fence or wall may exceed the height of the fence or wall.
  • (3) The storage area shall be located in the rear of the lot. Any structures shall be located in front of the storage area to obscure the view of the storage from the street(s), in compliance with the front yard of the underlying zoning district.
  • (4) When adjacent to a residential zone or use, screening and a vegetated buffer shall be provided. When chain link fencing is used, shrubs with a minimum height of five feet shall be planted linearly every 10 feet on-center along the fence or wall to enhance visual screening.
• T. Renewable energy utility-scale facility.
  • (1) Solar photovoltaic installation - utility scale facility shall comply with the following:
    • (a) No individual panel within a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installation shall exceed 15 feet in height, as measured from pre-development lot grade at the location of the panel;
    • (b) All panels and other equipment and structures that are part of the installation shall be setback from all property lines as set forth in § 260-23; setbacks shall be treated as no-cut buffers. Clearing of existing vegetation within these setbacks is prohibited, unless specifically approved by the Zoning Board of Review above a specified height to prevent shading of the panels.
    • (c) A ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installation or solar carport shall not be subject to the floor to area ratio standard (FAR) as set forth in § 260-23;
    • (d) A roof-mounted solar photovoltaic installation shall not exceed the permitted building height as set forth in § 260-23;
    • (e) A ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installation shall be designed to prevent unauthorized access, including, but not necessarily limited to protective fencing including a fence surrounding the perimeter of the installation of no less than six feet in height, with the bottom of the fence being elevated with a six inch rise from the ground to provide for wildlife access. Barbed wire fences shall not be permitted.
    • (f) Lighting. Lighting of solar energy systems and appurtenant structures shall be limited to that required for safety and operational purposes and shall be reasonably shielded from abutting properties. Such lighting shall be directed downward and incorporate cutoff fixtures to reduce light pollution.
    • (g) Solar photovoltaic installation — utility scale facilities shall be located, constructed, installed, and operated to minimize potentially adverse impacts to nearby properties, natural resources, and/or individuals. Impacts to be limited include, but are not limited to, those locations and habitats for animals, including birds and plant species of concern, and habitat/forest fragmentation.
    • (h) For solar photovoltaic installation — utility scale facilities, natural vegetation or additional landscape screening shall be provided as determined by the Zoning Board of Review depending upon the existing land use on the site and the adequacy of the site's natural vegetation or lack thereof to mitigate impacts to public views, scenic roads, and abutters. The Zoning Board of Review shall have the authority to set site specific width of buffers, height of plants at planting, and to require an opaque screen to adjacent properties and/or public roads.
    • (i) All utility scale facilities must be consistent with all applicable State and Federal fire and electrical safety codes and shall obtain all necessary statewide solar, building, and electrical permits from the Building Official prior to commencement of construction.
    • (j) All electrical connection and distribution lines within the installation shall be underground. Electrical poles between the installation and the utility connection may be above-ground if required by the utility or when above-ground poles exist.
    • (k) Emergency access as approved by the appropriate Fire District official.
    • (l) No signs are allowed on the security perimeter fencing except for a required sign displaying the installation name, address and emergency contact information, and trespassing/warning/danger signs to ensure the safety of individuals who may come in contact with the installation. No sign shall exceed 10 square feet in area.
    • (m) Abandonment or decommissioning. It is the responsibility of the parcel owner to remove all obsolete or unused systems within six months of cessation of operations. Reusable components are to be recycled whenever feasible. Physical removal of solar energy systems, structures and equipment shall include stabilization or revegetation of the site as necessary to minimize erosion.
    • (n) Financial security. The Planning Board may require a financial security instrument covering the entire solar energy system from commencement of operations through decommissioning. Such instrument may be cash held in escrow or a surety bond or other form acceptable to the Town. The security must be sufficient to cover the complete cost of removal and disposal of the system. The applicant shall submit a fully inclusive estimate of the costs associated with removal, at the end of the useful life of the facility, prepared by a registered professional engineer licensed in the State of Rhode Island.
  • (2) Wind energy conversion facility - utility scale shall comply with the following:
    • (a) A wind energy conversion facility - utility scale located within the vicinity of historic structures, historic districts or designated scenic corridors shall not be approved unless such proposed uses and structures are so concealed as to be substantially invisible. The views of, and vistas from, such structures, districts or designated scenic corridors shall not be impaired or diminished by the placement of such uses and structures.
    • (b) A wind energy conversion facility — utility scale shall not be subject to the floor to area ratio standard (FAR) as set forth in § 260-23;
    • (c) A wind energy conversion facility — utility scale shall not exceed the permitted building height as set forth in § 260-23;
    • (d) A wind energy conversion facility — utility scale shall be designed to prevent unauthorized access, including, but not necessarily limited to protective fencing.
    • (e) Support towers. Monopole towers, rather than lattice or cable-supported towers, are the preferred type of support for wind facilities and shall be used when a support tower is proposed. Lattice or cable-supported towers may only be permitted if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Zoning Board of Review that the use of a monopole tower is impractical.
    • (f) Setbacks. Except for building-mounted facilities, a tower or structure supporting a wind turbine shall be set back a distance equal to at least 1.5 times the height of the highest point of the wind turbine from the nearest occupied building or property line.
    • (g) Color and lighting:
      • [1] All components of the wind facility shall be painted a neutral, non-reflective exterior color designed to blend with the surrounding environment, such as white, light gray or light blue.
      • [2] Wind turbines shall be lighted only if required by the Federal Aviation Administration. Lighting of other parts of the wind facility, such as appurtenant structures, shall be limited to that required for safety, security, and operational purposes and shall be reasonably shielded from abutting properties.
• U. Renewable energy minor-scale facility — ground mount.
  • (1) Solar photovoltaic installation - minor scale facility — ground mount shall comply with the following:
    • (a) No individual panel within a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installation shall exceed 15 feet in height, as measured from pre-development lot grade at the location of the panel;
    • (b) All panels and other equipment and structures that are part of the installation shall be setback from all property lines as set forth in § 260-28B;
    • (c) A ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installation shall not exceed the permitted accessory building height as set forth in § 260-28B;
    • (d) A ground-mounted solar photovoltaic installation shall be designed to prevent unauthorized access, including, but not necessarily limited to protective fencing.
    • (e) A solar photovoltaic installation shall be constructed and operated in a manner that minimizes any adverse visual, safety, and environmental impacts.
    • (f) An accessory ground-mounted solar facility shall only be designed and constructed to produce no more than 125% of the energy necessary to support the primary use of the property.
  • (2) Wind energy conversion facility — minor scale facility — ground mount shall comply with the following:
    • (a) Setbacks. Except for building-mounted facilities, a tower or structure supporting a wind turbine shall be set back a distance equal to at least 1.5 times the height of the highest point of the wind turbine from the nearest occupied building or property line.
    • (b) A ground-mounted wind energy installation shall not be subject to the lot coverage standard as set forth in § 260-22;
    • (c) A ground-mounted wind energy installation shall not exceed the permitted building height as measured from pre-development lot grade at the location of the installation as set forth in § 260-28B;
    • (d) A ground-mounted wind energy installation shall be designed to prevent unauthorized access, including, but not necessarily limited to protective fencing.
    • (e) Support towers. Monopole towers, rather than lattice or cable-supported towers, are the preferred type of support for wind facilities and shall be used when a support tower is proposed. Lattice or cable-supported towers may only be permitted if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Zoning Board of Review that the use of a monopole tower is impractical.
    • (f) An accessory wind energy installation shall only be designed and constructed to produce no more than 125% of the energy necessary to support the primary use of the property.
    • (g) Color and lighting:
      • [1] All components of the wind facility shall be painted a neutral, non-reflective exterior color designed to blend with the surrounding environment, such as white, light gray or light blue.
      • [2] Wind turbines shall be lighted only if required by the Federal Aviation Administration. Lighting of other parts of the wind facility, such as appurtenant structures, shall be limited to that required for safety, security, and operational purposes and shall be reasonably shielded from abutting properties.
• V. Other manufacturing uses not specifically listed.
  • (1) When adjacent to a residential zone or use, screening and a vegetated buffer shall be provided. When chain link fencing is used, shrubs with a minimum height of five feet shall be planted linearly every 10 feet on-center along the fence or wall to enhance visual screening.
  • (2) All exterior lighting shall be Dark Sky compliant.
  • (3) A parking and circulation plan, stamped by a registered professional engineer, showing safe pedestrian and vehicular circulation.
  • (4) There shall be adequate provision for fire apparatus to be able to have access to all sides of the building and in compliance with the Rhode Island Fire Code.
  • (5) All mechanical components for the facility, including air conditioning and heating units, gas supply meters, and the like, shall either be roof mounted and adequately shielded from view from a public way or street or, if ground mounted, adequately shielded from view by appropriate plantings and landscaping.
  • (6) Open lot storage area shall not be used for parking purposes or to meet the minimum parking requirements.
  • (7) The open lot storage area must be clearly defined on the site plan to ensure compliance with zoning regulations and proper site organization. Storage of items outside the fenced area is prohibited.
  • (8) Fences or walls along the front or corner side lot line must be set back a minimum of six feet from the property line.
  • (9) The maximum noise volume at the boundaries of the premises shall comply with Chapter 175 of the Town of Lincoln's Code of Ordinances.
  • (10) The use will not be noxious, nor will emit odors, smoke, gases, noise or vibration, nor will present a danger of explosion.